Pathogenesis: Spinal Cord Myelin Extracts
Current views favor an autoimmune reaction against myelin immunity involving both cellular and humoral. The autoimmune mechanism is supported by the similarities between the pathology of multiple sclerosis and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis induced by immunization with brain and spine extracts of myelin in the spinal. The cellular immune response is mediated by T lymphocytes Simplistically, activated CD4 + T cells with antigen-specific receptors cross the blood-brain barrier and react with myelin and / or antigen oligodendroglia. Cytokines released by T cells activate macrophages expressing MHC class II antigen. These macrophages present antigens of myelin T-cell and, over time, remove the products of disintegration of myelin. MBP, proteolipid, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein and the antigens are prime targets. The humoral immune response is mediated by activated B cells that secrete antibodies specific for myelin. Several pathogens have been postulated to trigger the immune response: measles virus, Epstein-Barr virus, human herpes virus 6, retroviruses, virus canine distemper, and Chlamydia pneumoniae. None has yet been confirmed. Another perspective on the pathogenesis of MS involves apoptotic death after oligodendroglial and microglial activation as early events in plaque formation.
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