Because it is a ?uid, value laden, and con?icted process for many people, directly asking about ethnocultural orientation is not generally advisable. There are many formal instruments to measure acculturation ; and should this issue be central, it can be gradually addressed directly.

However, in the initial interview, it is best to simply explore how strong the connections to the various cultures are and what emotions are attached to those connections.

Multicultural and Diversity Issues 391An informal assessment of ethnocultural orientation can be obtained by listening as information emerges during the session or by asking for speci?c information. For example: Listen for the sense of connection to the culture historically. Ask: “Did you grow up on the reservation ?” or “I know everyone’s different, so I’m wondering for you personally, do you feel much connection with your culture?” Listen for the relationship between the client and other members of the culture.

Does the client go to cultural events? Are original cultural practices a regular part of life? Does he or she speak the original language? Ask: “What kinds of things do you celebrate?” or “Do you attend very often?” and “What language do you prefer to speak at home? with friends? at work?” Listen for methods or style of coping with environmental demands Ask: “Is there anything about your work that challenges you? How do you handle the challenges?” Listen for how the person envisions life in the future. Will he or she play a role in traditional cultural ceremonies or practices? Will he or she seek a bicultural stance in life? Ask: “What things about your culture do you appreciate or not appreciate? What things about the Western culture do you appreciate, or not appreciate? How would you like your life to be in the future in terms of your culture?” The client’s cultural orientation to the past, present, and future can be very informative with regard to engagement with the dominant culture . The more culturally oriented and embedded the client is, the more important it is for the professional to seek appropriate cultural input and education to be of assistance in a culturally sensitive manner.